| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| if-else | do if condition is true |
| switch-case-default | branch to const integer case that match switch expression or to default when no match. then falls through. |
| for | do loop when condition is true |
| while | do loop when condition is true |
| do-while | do loop when condition is true, do at least once |
| break | exit from switch, for, while, do |
| continue | branch to next loop iteration of for, while , do |
| goto | branch to label |
| return | exit to calling function and return value |
if-else |
Syntax: |
|
if( condition ) statement1 else statement2 |
Description: |
| If condition is true do statement1.
If condition is not true do statement2. |
Example: |
|
if( a>0 ) x = x+5; else x = x-5;
if( a>0 ) x += 10; else if( a<0 ) x -= 10; else x = 0; |
switch-case-default |
Syntax: |
|
switch( variable ) { case const1: statement1 break; case const2: case const3: statement2 break; . . default: statement3 } |
Description: |
| If variable is equal to const1 - do statement1 If variable is equal to const2 or const3 - do statement2 Otherwise do statement3 |
Example: |
|
int state;
switch( state ) { case 0: case 1: x = x+5; break;
case 2: x = x-5; break;
default: x = 0; } |
for |
Syntax: |
|
for(init_statement; stop_condition; expression) statement |
Description: |
| Do statement while stop condition is not met. |
Example: |
|
/* print x values from 0 to 99 */ for( x=0; x<100; x++ ) { printf("x=%d\n",x); } |
while |
Syntax: |
|
while( condition ) statement |
Description: |
| Do statement while condition is true. |
Example: |
|
/* print x values from 0 to 99 */ x = 0; while( x<100 ) { printf("x=%d\n",x); x++; } |
do-while |
Syntax: |
|
do statement while( condition ); |
Description: |
| Do statement while condition is true. Do at least once. |
Example: |
|
/* print x values from 0 to 99 */ x = 0; do { printf("x=%d\n",x); x++; } while( x<100 ) |
break |
Syntax: |
|
break; |
Description: |
| Break from current block. |
Example1: |
|
Switch( x ) { case 0: y = x; break; case 1: y = 2*x; } |
Example2: |
|
while(1) { if( x>y ) break; } |
continue |
Syntax: |
|
continue; |
Description: |
| Continue execution in next loop iteration. |
Example: |
|
for(i=0; i<N; i++) { if( a[i] > 0 ) continue; sum = sum+a[i]; } |
goto |
Syntax: |
|
goto label; |
Description: |
| Jump to specified label. |
Example: |
|
goto MYLABEL; : : MY_LABEL:
|
return |
Syntax: |
|
return expression; |
Description: |
| Return from function with return value. |
Examples: |
|
/* return with no value (void) */ return;
return 0;
return (x*y); |
